Constitutional Law — Comprehensive Outline

I. Nature and Scope of Federal Judicial Power### A. Judicial Review Marbury v. Madison established the power of the Supreme Court to review acts of Congress. Rules: The Court has authority to review acts of Congress and executive actions for constitutionality. Exam Tip: Always check for standing, mootness, and ripeness before reaching the merits of a constitutional challenge.### B. Justiciability Doctrines** Standing: Requires (1) Injury-in-fact, (2) Causation, and (3) Redressability. Mootness: A case is moot unless a live controversy exists at all stages. Exception: Issues capable of repetition yet evading review. Ripeness: The case must present a concrete injury, not hypothetical harm. Political Question: Issues textually committed to other branches are